{"id":12221,"date":"2009-04-19T15:02:07","date_gmt":"2009-04-19T13:02:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/meonline.hu\/?p=12221"},"modified":"2021-12-30T21:09:31","modified_gmt":"2021-12-30T20:09:31","slug":"gandhara-kulturak-hataran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/magyar-epitomuveszet-hirek\/gandhara-kulturak-hataran\/","title":{"rendered":"Gandhara \u2013 kult\u00far\u00e1k hat\u00e1r\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Berlin, Martin-Gropius Bau, 2009. \u00e1prilis 9. &#8211; augusztus 10.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12222\" style=\"width: 338px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12222\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/meonline.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/gandhara2.jpg\" alt=\"Aphrodite, Museum Taxila, Pakiszt\u00e1n\" width=\"328\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/gandhara2.jpg 328w, https:\/\/meonline.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/gandhara2-82x150.jpg 82w, https:\/\/meonline.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/gandhara2-164x300.jpg 164w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12222\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aphrodite, Museum Taxila, Pakiszt\u00e1n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>A mai Pakiszt\u00e1n \u00e9s Afganiszt\u00e1n h\u00e1bor\u00fak d\u00falta hat\u00e1r\u00e1n \u2013 m\u00e1r 1 milli\u00f3 a menek\u00fclt \u2013 tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 az a k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges ter\u00fclet, amely az id\u0151sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s el\u0151tti 5-1. sz\u00e1zadig egym\u00e1sba fon\u00f3d\u00f3 korszakokban ker\u00fclt el\u0151bb az Indus \u00e9s a Gangesz v\u00f6lgy\u00e9t is ural\u00f3 legend\u00e1s As\u00f3ka kir\u00e1ly \u00e1ltal meghonos\u00edtott korai buddhista, majd a Nagy S\u00e1ndor h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e1ltal ide telep\u00edtett hellenisztikus kult\u00fara hat\u00e1sa al\u00e1. Ebb\u0151l az \u00e9rintkez\u00e9sb\u0151l fakadt az a kultur\u00e1lis h\u00edd szerep, melynek nyom\u00e1n a g\u00f6r\u00f6g m\u0171v\u00e9szetek, els\u0151sorban a szobr\u00e1szat mint\u00e1ja er\u0151sen hatott Buddha m\u0171v\u00e9szi \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u2013 eg\u00e9szen a T\u00e1vol-Keletig.<br \/>\nGandhara a Himal\u00e1ja l\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00e1l, a Selyem\u00fat egyik le\u00e1gaz\u00e1sa ment\u00e9n \u00e9vezredek \u00f3ta vir\u00e1gz\u00f3 kult\u00far\u00e1k keletkez\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s pusztul\u00e1s\u00e1nak tan\u00faja, eml\u00e9keit \u0151tz\u0151, \u00e9vtizedek \u00f3ta z\u00e1rt ter\u00fclet. A Baltiszt\u00e1n-i Buddh\u00e1t \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00f3 sziklav\u00e9seteket gr\u00f3f \u00dajfalvy K\u00e1roly Jen\u0151 elfelejtett magyar utaz\u00f3 fedezte f\u00f6l 1884-ben, majd 1902-ben a n\u00e9met August Hermann Francke, ill. 42-ben, az angol szolg\u00e1latban dolgoz\u00f3 magyar Sir Aurel Stein kutatt\u00e1k.<br \/>\nA m\u0171v\u00e9szett\u00f6rt\u00e9net szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3, de kies vid\u00e9k 2001-ben ker\u00fclt \u00fajra \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ba, mikor az iszl\u00e1m sz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9ges t\u00e1lib harcosok felrobbantott\u00e1k a vil\u00e1g legnagyobb, sziklaf\u00fclk\u00e9be v\u00e9sett, 57 m-es Buddha-szobr\u00e1t Bamyanban.<br \/>\nAz aul\u00e1ban a ter\u00fclet \u00e9szaki hat\u00e1r\u00e1t ad\u00f3 Himal\u00e1ja l\u00e1b\u00e1nak k\u00f6ves sztyepp\u00e9in most bej\u00e1rt n\u00e9met tudom\u00e1nyos exped\u00edci\u00f3 mutatja be a neolitikumb\u00f3l \u00e9s korai buddhista korszak\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 sziklav\u00e9seteket \u00e9s a hely mai p\u00e1sztorkult\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1t bemutat\u00f3 n\u00e9prajzi kutat\u00e1s egzotikus, s\u0151t, eddig soha nem l\u00e1tott felm\u00e9r\u00e9seit \u00e9s fot\u00f3dokumentumait.<br \/>\nTal\u00e1n a t\u00e1libok h\u00e1bor\u00faj\u00e1t\u00f3l nem f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl, most az 1-5. sz\u00e1zad g\u00f6r\u00f6g-buddhista \u00e1tmeneti kult\u00fara m\u0171v\u00e9szet\u00e9nek kiemelked\u0151 szobr\u00e1szati anyag\u00e1t, \u00e9kszer- \u00e9s \u00e9remm\u0171v\u00e9szet\u00e9t utaz\u00f3 anyaggal \u201ebiztons\u00e1gban\u201d l\u00e1thatja az eur\u00f3pai k\u00f6z\u00f6ns\u00e9g. Bele\u00e9rtve azokat a megrong\u00e1lt, majd \u00fajra \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edtott darabokat is, melyek a l\u00e9zer- \u00e9s komputertechnika friss 3D rekonstrukci\u00f3s elj\u00e1r\u00e1snak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en lettek ism\u00e9t \u00f6sszeilleszthet\u0151k. Ezt az \u00faj elj\u00e1r\u00e1st az aacheni RWTH \u00c9p\u00edt\u00e9szeti F\u0151iskol\u00e1n v\u00e9gezt\u00e9k.<br \/>\nA mintegy 300 darabos v\u00e1logat\u00e1s ment\u00e9n pontosan nyomon k\u00f6vethet\u0151ek az eddig csak tank\u00f6nyvek le\u00edr\u00e1saib\u00f3l ismert m\u0171v\u00e9szeti \u00e1tv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s-f\u00e1zisok. A t\u00e1rlat k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ban egy szt\u00fapa 36 darabb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3, a g\u00f6r\u00f6g szobr\u00e1szat karakter\u00e9t, de buddhista \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szeti keretben bemutat\u00f3 reliefjei \u00e1llnak. A t\u00f6bbi terem a Gandhara-i kult\u00far\u00e1k hitvil\u00e1g\u00e1t, m\u0171v\u00e9szet\u00e9t \u00e9s \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szet\u00e9t hozza k\u00f6zelebb. <\/p>\n<p>Szeg\u0151 Gy\u00f6rgy<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12223\" style=\"width: 515px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12223\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/meonline.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/gandhara1.jpg\" alt=\"Buddha paradicsom\u00e1nak v\u00edzi\u00f3ja, Museum Lahore, Pakiszt\u00e1n\" width=\"505\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/gandhara1.jpg 505w, https:\/\/meonline.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/gandhara1-126x150.jpg 126w, https:\/\/meonline.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/gandhara1-252x300.jpg 252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12223\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buddha paradicsom\u00e1nak v\u00edzi\u00f3ja, Museum Lahore, Pakiszt\u00e1n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Berlin, Martin-Gropius Bau, 2009. \u00e1prilis 9. &#8211; augusztus 10. A mai Pakiszt\u00e1n \u00e9s Afganiszt\u00e1n h\u00e1bor\u00fak d\u00falta hat\u00e1r\u00e1n \u2013 m\u00e1r 1 milli\u00f3 a menek\u00fclt \u2013 tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 az a k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges ter\u00fclet, amely az id\u0151sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s el\u0151tti 5-1. sz\u00e1zadig egym\u00e1sba fon\u00f3d\u00f3 korszakokban ker\u00fclt el\u0151bb az Indus \u00e9s a Gangesz v\u00f6lgy\u00e9t is ural\u00f3 legend\u00e1s As\u00f3ka kir\u00e1ly \u00e1ltal meghonos\u00edtott korai buddhista, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[401,7,3,17,20],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12221"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12221"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12221\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44045,"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12221\/revisions\/44045"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meonline.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}